The Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System (STSDAS) is a software package for reducing and analyzing astronomical data. It is layered on top of IRAF and provides general-purpose tools for astronomical data analysis as well as routines specifically designed for HST data. In particular, STSDAS contains all the programs used for the calibration and reduction of HST data in the STScI post-observation processing pipelines.

An extension to synphot (ascl:1811.001), stsynphot implements synthetic photometry package for HST and JWST support. The software constructs spectra from various grids of model atmosphere spectra, parameterized spectrum models, and atlases of stellar spectrophotometry. It also simulates observations specific to HST and JWST, computes photometric calibration parameters for any supported instrument mode, and plots instrument-specific sensitivity curves and calibration target spectra.

Stuff is a program that simulates “perfect” astronomical catalogues. It generate object lists in ASCII which can read by the SkyMaker program to produce realistic astronomical fields. Stuff is part of the EFIGI development project.

SubGen generates Monte-Carlo samples of dark matter subhaloes. It fully describes the joint distribution of subhaloes in final mass, infall mass, and radius; it can be used to predict derived distributions involving combinations of these quantities, including the universal subhalo mass function, the subhalo spatial distribution, the gravitational lensing profile, the dark matter annihilation radiation profile and boost factor. SubGen works only for CDM subhaloes; for an extension of the code to also work with WDM subhaloes, see SubGen2 (ascl:2312.036).

The SubGen2 subhalo population generator works for both CDM and WDM of arbitrary DM particle mass. It can be used to generate a population of subhaloes according to the joint distribution of subhalo bound mass, infall mass and halo-centric distance in a halo of a given mass. SubGen2 is an extension to SubGen (ascl:2312.035), which works only for CDM subhaloes.

SubgridClumping derives the parameters for the global, in-homogeneous and stochastic clumping model and then computes the clumping factor for large low-resolution N-body simulations smoothed on a regular grid. Written for the CUBEP3M simulation, the package contains two main modules. The first derives the three clumping model parameters for a given small high-resolution simulation; the second computes a clumping factor cube (same mesh-size as input) for the three models for the given density field of a large low-resolution simulation.

sunbather simulates the upper atmospheres of exoplanets and their observational signatures. The code constructs 1D Parker wind profiles using p-winds (ascl:2111.011) to simulate these with Cloudy (ascl:9910.001), and postprocesses the output with a custom radiative transfer module to predict the transmission spectra of exoplanets.

SUNBIRD trains neural-network-based models for galaxy clustering. It also incorporates pre-trained emulators for different summary statistics, including galaxy two-point correlation function, density-split clustering statistics, and old-galaxy cross-correlation function. These models have been trained on mock galaxy catalogs, and were calibrated to work for specific samples of galaxies. SUNBIRD implements routines with PyTorch to train new neural-network emulators.

SunnyNet learns the mapping the between LTE and NLTE populations of a model atom and predicts the NLTE populations based on LTE populations for an arbitrary 3D atmosphere. To use SunnyNet, one must already have a set of LTE and NLTE populations computed in 3D, to train the network. These must come from another code, as SunnyNet is unable to solve the formal problem. Once SunnyNet is trained, one can feed it LTE populations from a different 3D atmosphere, and obtain predicted NLTE populations. The NLTE populations can then be used to synthesize any spectral line that is included in the model atom. SunnyNet's output is a file with predicted NLTE populations. SunnyNet itself does not calculate synthetic spectra, but a sample script written in the Julia language that quickly computes Hα spectra is included.

sunpy is a community-developed free and open-source software package for solar physics and is an alternative to the SolarSoft (ascl:1208.013) data analysis environment. SunPy provides data structures for representing the most common solar data types (images, lightcurves, and spectra) and integration with the Virtual Solar Observatory (VSO) and the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) for data acquisition.

Sunrise is a Monte Carlo radiation transfer code for calculating absorption and scattering of light to study the effects of dust in hydrodynamic simulations of interacting galaxies. It uses an adaptive mesh refinement grid to describe arbitrary geometries of emitting and absorbing/scattering media, with spatial dynamical range exceeding 10⁴; it can efficiently generate images of the emerging radiation at arbitrary points in space and spectral energy distributions of simulated galaxies run with the Gadget (ascl:0003.001), Gasoline (ascl:1710.019), Arepo (ascl:1909.010), Enzo (ascl:1010.072) or ART codes. In addition to the monochromatic radiative transfer typically used by Monte Carlo codes, Sunrise can propagate a range of wavelengths simultaneously. This "polychromatic" algorithm gives significant improvements in efficiency and accuracy when spectral features are calculated.

These IDL codes create a thick magneto-static structure with parameters of a typical sunspot in a solar like photosphere - chromosphere. The variable parameters are field strength on the axis, radius, and Wilson depression (displacement of the atmosphere on the axis with respect to the field-free atmosphere). Output are magnetic field vector, pressure and density distributions with radius and height. The structure has azimuthal symmetry. The codes are relatively self explanatory and the download packages contain README files.

The superABC sampling method obtains cosmological constraints from supernova light curves using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) without any likelihood assumptions. It provides an interface to two forward model simulations, SNCosmo (ascl:1611.017) and SNANA (ascl:1010.027), for supernova cosmology.

SuperBayeS is a package for fast and efficient sampling of supersymmetric theories. It uses Bayesian techniques to explore multidimensional SUSY parameter spaces and to compare SUSY predictions with observable quantities, including sparticle masses, collider observables, dark matter abundance, direct detection cross sections, indirect detection quantities etc. Scanning can be performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technology or even more efficiently by employing a new scanning technique called MultiNest (ascl:1109.006). which implements the nested sampling algorithm. Using MultiNest, a full 8-dimensional scan of the CMSSM takes about 12 hours on 10 2.4GHz CPUs. There is also an option for old-style fixed-grid scanning. A discussion forum for SuperBayeS is available.

The package combines SoftSusy, DarkSusy, FeynHiggs, Bdecay, MultiNest and MicrOMEGAs. Some of the routines and the plotting tools are based on CosmoMC (ascl:1106.025).

SuperBayeS comes with SuperEGO, a MATLAB graphical user interface tool for interactive plotting of the results. SuperEGO has been developed by Rachid Lemrani and is based on CosmoloGUI by Sarah Bridle.

SuperBoL calculates the bolometric lightcurves of Type II supernovae using observed photometry; it includes three different methods for calculating the bolometric luminosity: quasi-bolometric, direct, and bolometric correction. SuperBoL propagates uncertainties in the input data through the calculations made by the code, allowing for error bars to be included in plots of the lightcurve.

SUPERBOX is a particle-mesh code that uses moving sub-grids to track and resolve high-density peaks in the particle distribution and a nearest grid point force-calculation scheme based on the second derivatives of the potential. The code implements a fast low-storage FFT-algorithm and allows a highly resolved treatment of interactions in clusters of galaxies, such as high-velocity encounters between elliptical galaxies and the tidal disruption of dwarf galaxies, as sub-grids follow the trajectories of individual galaxies. SUPERBOX is efficient in that the computational overhead is kept as slim as possible and is also memory efficient since it uses only one set of grids to treat galaxies in succession.

SuperFreq numerically estimates the fundamental frequencies and orbital actions of pre-computed orbital time series. It is an implementation of a version of the Numerical Analysis of Fundamental Frequencies close to that by Monica Valluri, which itself is an implementation of an algorithm first used by Jacques Laskar.

SuperLite produces synthetic spectra for astrophysical transient phenomena affected by circumstellar interaction. It uses Monte Carlo methods and multigroup structured opacity calculations for semi-implicit, semirelativistic radiation transport in high-velocity shocked outflows, and can reproduce spectra of typical Type Ia, Type IIP, and Type IIn supernovae. SuperLite also generates high-quality spectra that can be compared with observations of transient events, including superluminous supernovae, pulsational pair-instability supernovae, and other peculiar transients.

SuperNNova performs photometric classification by leveraging recent advances in deep neural networks. It can train either a recurrent neural network or random forest to classify light-curves using only photometric information. It also allows additional information, such as host-galaxy redshift, to be incorporated to improve performance.

Flux-averaging justifies the use of the distance-redshift relation for a smooth universe in the analysis of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) data. Flux-averaging of SN Ia data is required to yield cosmological parameter constraints that are free of the bias induced by weak gravitational lensing. SN Ia data are converted into flux. For a given cosmological model, the distance dependence of the data is removed, then the data are binned in redshift, and placed at the average redshift in each redshift bin. The likelihood of the given cosmological model is then computed using "flux statistics''. These Fortran codes compute the likelihood of an arbitrary cosmological model [with given H(z)/H_0] using flux-averaged Type Ia supernova data.

Supernovae classifies supernovae using their light curves directly as inputs to a deep recurrent neural network, which learns information from the sequence of observations. Observational time and filter fluxes are used as inputs; since the inputs are agnostic, additional data such as host galaxy information can also be included.

SuperNu simulates time-dependent radiation transport in local thermodynamic equilibrium with matter. It applies the methods of Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) and Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) for static or homologously expanding spatial grids. The radiation field affects material temperature but does not affect the motion of the fluid. SuperNu may be applied to simulate radiation transport for supernovae with ejecta velocities that are not affected by radiation momentum. The physical opacity calculation includes elements from Hydrogen up to Cobalt. SuperNu is motivated by the ongoing research into the effect of variation in the structure of progenitor star explosions on observables: the brightness and shape of light curves and the temporal evolution of the spectra. Consequently, the code may be used to post-process data from hydrodynamic simulations. SuperNu does not include any capabilities or methods that allow for non-trivial hydrodynamics.

Superplot calculates and plots statistical quantities relevant to parameter inference from a "chain" of samples drawn from a parameter space produced by codes such as MultiNest (ascl:1109.006), BAYES-X (ascl:1505.027), and PolyChord (ascl:1502.011). It offers a graphical interface for browsing a chain of many variables quickly and can produce numerous kinds of publication quality plots, including one- and two-dimensional profile likelihood, three-dimensional scatter plots, and confidence intervals and credible regions. Superplot can also save plots in PDF format, create a summary text file, and export a plot as a pickled object for importing and manipulating in a Python interpreter.

SuperRad models ultralight boson clouds that arise through black hole superradiance. It uses numerical results in the relativistic regime combined with analytic estimates to describe the dynamics and gravitational wave signals of ultralight scalar or vector clouds. Written in Python, SuperRad includes a set of testing routines that check the internal consistency of the package; these tests mainly serve the purpose of ensuring functionality of the waveform model but can also be utilized to check that SuperRad works as intended.

SuperRAENN performs photometric classification of supernovae in the following categories: Type I superluminos supernovae, Type II, Type IIn, Type Ia and Type Ib/c. Though the code is optimized for use with complete (rather than realtime) light curves from the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Survey, the classifier can be trained on other data. SuperRAENN can be used on a dataset containing both spectroscopically labelled and unlabelled SNe; all events will be used to train the RAENN, while labelled events will be used to train the random forest.

SUPPNet performs fully automated precise continuum normalization of merged echelle spectra and offers flexible manual fine-tuning, if necessary. The code uses a fully convolutional deep neural network (SUPP Network) trained to predict a pseudo-continuum. The post-processing step uses smoothing splines that give access to regressed knots, which are useful for optional manual corrections. The active learning technique controls possible biases that may arise from training with synthetic spectra and extends the applicability of the method to features absent in this kind of spectra.

SURF reduces data from the SCUBA instrument from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Facilities are provided for reducing all the SCUBA observing modes including jiggle, scan and photometry modes. SURF uses the Starlink environment (ascl:1110.012).

surfinBH predicts the final mass, spin and recoil velocity of the remnant of a binary black hole merger. Trained directly against numerical relativity simulations, these models are extremely accurate, reproducing the results of the simulations at the same level of accuracy as the simulations themselves. Fits such as these play a crucial role in waveform modeling and tests of general relativity with gravitational waves, performed by LIGO.

The Surprise is a measure for consistency between posterior distributions and operates in parameter space. It can be used to analyze either the compatibility of separately analyzed posteriors from two datasets, or the posteriors from a Bayesian update. The Surprise Calculator estimates relative entropy and Surprise between two samples, assuming they are Gaussian. The software requires the R package CompQuadForm to estimate the significance of the Surprise, and rpy2 to interface R with Python.

surrkick quickly and reliably extract recoils imparted to generic, precessing, black hole binaries. It uses a numerical-relativity surrogate model to obtain the gravitational waveform given a set of binary parameters, and from this waveform directly integrates the gravitational-wave linear momentum flux. This entirely bypasses the need of fitting formulae which are typically used to model black-hole recoils in astrophysical contexts.

SUSHI (Semi-blind Unmixing with Sparsity for hyperspectral images) performs non-stationary unmixing of hyperspectral images. The typical use case is to map the physical parameters such as temperature and redshift from a model with multiple components using data from hyperspectral images. Applying a spatial regularization provides more robust results on voxels with low signal to noise ratio. The code has been used on X-ray astronomy but the method can be applied to any integral field unit (IFU) data cubes.

Swarm-NG is a C++ library for the efficient direct integration of many n-body systems using highly-parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPU). Swarm-NG focuses on many few-body systems, e.g., thousands of systems with 3...15 bodies each, as is typical for the study of planetary systems; the code parallelizes the simulation, including both the numerical integration of the equations of motion and the evaluation of forces using NVIDIA's "Compute Unified Device Architecture" (CUDA) on the GPU. Swarm-NG includes optimized implementations of 4th order time-symmetrized Hermite integration and mixed variable symplectic integration as well as several sample codes for other algorithms to illustrate how non-CUDA-savvy users may themselves introduce customized integrators into the Swarm-NG framework. Applications of Swarm-NG include studying the late stages of planet formation, testing the stability of planetary systems and evaluating the goodness-of-fit between many planetary system models and observations of extrasolar planet host stars (e.g., radial velocity, astrometry, transit timing). While Swarm-NG focuses on the parallel integration of many planetary systems,the underlying integrators could be applied to a wide variety of problems that require repeatedly integrating a set of ordinary differential equations many times using different initial conditions and/or parameter values.

SWarp resamples and co-adds together FITS images using any arbitrary astrometric projection defined in the WCS standard. It operates on pre-reduced images and their weight-maps. Based on the astrometric and photometric calibrations derived at an earlier phase of the pipeline, SWarp re-maps ("warps") the pixels to a perfect projection system, and co-adds them in an optimum way, according to their relative weights. SWarp's astrometric engine is based on a customized version of Calabretta's WCSLib 2.6 and supports all of the projections defined in the 2000 version of the WCS proposal.

SWIFT follows the long-term dynamical evolution of a swarm of test particles in the solar system. The code efficiently and accurately handles close approaches between test particles and planets while retaining the powerful features of recently developed mixed variable symplectic integrators. Four integration techniques are included: Wisdom-Holman Mapping; Regularized Mixed Variable Symplectic (RMVS) method; fourth order T+U Symplectic (TU4) method; and Bulirsch-Stoer method. The package is designed so that the calls to each of these look identical so that it is trivial to replace one with another. Complex data manipulations and results can be analyzed with the graphics packace SwiftVis (ascl:1112.018).

SWIFT runs cosmological simulations on peta-scale machines for solving gravity and SPH. It uses the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) to calculate gravitational forces between nearby particles, combining these with long-range forces provided by a mesh that captures both the periodic nature of the calculation and the expansion of the simulated universe. SWIFT currently uses a single fixed but time-variable softening length for all the particles. Many useful external potentials are also available, such as galaxy haloes or stratified boxes that are used in idealised problems. SWIFT implements a standard LCDM cosmology background expansion and solves the equations in a comoving frame; equations of state of dark-energy evolve with scale-factor. The structure of the code allows implementation for modified-gravity solvers or self-interacting dark matter schemes to be implemented. Many hydrodynamics schemes are implemented in SWIFT and the software allows users to add their own.

Swiftbat retrieves, analyzes, and displays data from NASA's Swift spacecraft, especially data from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). All BAT data are available from the Swift data archive; however, a few routines in this library use data access methods not available to the general public and thus are useful only to Swift team members. The package also installs a command-line program 'swinfo' that provides Swift Information such as what the MET (onboard-clock) time is, where Swift was pointing, and whether a specific source was above the horizon and/or in the field of view.

Swiftest is a software package designed to model the long-term dynamics of system of bodies in orbit around a dominant central body, such a planetary system around a star, or a satellite system around a planet. The main body of the program is written in Modern Fortran, taking advantage of the object-oriented capabilities included with Fortran 2003 and the parallel capabilities included with Fortran 2008 and Fortran 2018. Swiftest also includes a Python package that allows the user to quickly generate input, run simulations, and process output from the simulations. Swiftest uses a NetCDF output file format which makes data analysis with the Swiftest Python package a streamlined and flexible process for the user. Building off a strong legacy, including its predecessors Swifter and Swift, Swiftest takes the next step in modeling the dynamics of planetary systems by improving the performance and ease of use of software, and by introducing a new collisional fragmentation model. Currently, Swiftest includes the four main symplectic integrators included in its predecessors: WHM, RMVS, HELIO, and SyMBA. In addition, Swiftest also contains the Fraggle model for generating products of collisional fragmentation.

SWIFTGalaxy provides a software abstraction of simulated galaxies produced by the SWIFT smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. It extends the SWIFTSimIO module and is tailored to analyses of particles belonging to individual simulated galaxies. It inherits from and extends the functionality of the SWIFTDataset. It understands the output of halo finders and therefore which particles belong to a galaxy, and its integrated properties. The particles occupy a coordinate frame that is enforced to be consistent, such that particles loaded on-the-fly will match e.g. rotations and translations of particles already in memory. Intuitive masking of particle datasets is also enabled. Finally, some utilities to make working in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems more convenient are also provided.

SwiftVis is a tool originally developed as part of a rewrite of Swift (ascl:1303.001) to be used for analysis and plotting of simulations performed with Swift and Swifter. The extensibility built into the design has allowed us to make SwiftVis a general purpose analysis and plotting package customized to be usable by the planetary science community at large. SwiftVis is written in Java and has been tested on Windows, Linux, and Mac platforms. Its graphical interface allows users to do complex analysis and plotting without having to write custom code.

SWIGLAL, a wrapper for and component of the LALSuite (ascl:2012.021) gravitational wave detection and analysis libraries, which are primarily written in C, makes LALSuite routines directly accessible to Python and Octave scripts.

SWOC (Spectral Wavelength Optimization Code) determines the wavelength ranges that provide the optimal amount of information to achieve the required science goals for a spectroscopic study. It computes a figure-of-merit for different spectral configurations using a user-defined list of spectral features, and, utilizing a set of flux-calibrated spectra, determines the spectral regions showing the largest differences among the spectra.

Swordfish studies the information yield of counting experiments. It implements at its core a rather general version of a Poisson point process with background uncertainties described by a Gaussian random field, and provides easy access to its information geometrical properties. Based on this information, a number of common and less common tasks can be performed. Swordfish allows quick and accurate forecasts of experimental sensitivities without time-intensive Monte Carlos, mock data generation and likelihood maximization. It can:

- calculate the expected upper limit or discovery reach of an instrument;
- derive expected confidence contours for parameter reconstruction;
- visualize confidence contours as well as the underlying information metric field;
- calculate the information flux, an effective signal-to-noise ratio that accounts for background systematics and component degeneracies; and
- calculate the Euclideanized signal which approximately maps the signal to a new vector which can be used to calculate the Euclidean distance between points.

SWOT (Super W Of Theta) computes two-point statistics for very large data sets, based on “divide and conquer” algorithms, mainly, but not limited to data storage in binary trees, approximation at large scale, parellelization (open MPI), and bootstrap and jackknife resampling methods “on the fly”. It currently supports projected and 3D galaxy auto and cross correlations, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and weighted histograms.

swyft implements Truncated Marginal Neural Radio Estimation (TMNRE), a Bayesian parameter inference technique for complex simulation data. The code improves performance by estimating low-dimensional marginal posteriors rather than the joint posteriors of distributions, while also targeting simulations to targets of observational interest via an indicator function. The use of local amortization permits statistical checks, enabling validation of parameters that cannot be performed using sampling-based methods. swyft is also based on stochastic simulations, mapping parameters to observational data, and incorporates a simulator manager.

The ROSAT X-Ray Background Tool (sxrbg) calculates the average X-ray background count rate and statistical uncertainty in each of the six standard bands of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) diffuse background maps (R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, R7) for a specified astronomical position and a search region consisting of either a circle with a specified radius or an annulus with specified inner and outer radii centered on the position. The values returned by the tool are in units of 10^-6 counts/second/arcminute^2. sxrbg can also create a count-rate-based spectrum file which can be used with XSpec (ascl:9910.005) to calculate fluxes and offers support for counts statistics (cstat), an alternative method for generating a background spectrum. HEASoft (ascl:1408.004) is a prerequisite for building. The code is in the public domain.

SYGMA (Stellar Yields for Galactic Modeling Applications) follows the ejecta of simple stellar populations as a function of time to model the enrichment and feedback from simple stellar populations. It is the basic building block of the galaxy code One-zone Model for the Evolution of GAlaxies (OMEGA, ascl:1806.018) and is part of the NuGrid Python Chemical Evolution Environment (NuPyCEE, ascl:1610.015). Stellar yields of AGB and massive stars are calculated with the same nuclear physics and are provided by the NuGrid collaboration.

symbolic_pofk provides simple Python functions and a Fortran90 routine for precise symbolic emulations of the linear and non-linear matter power spectra and for the conversion σ 8 ↔ A s as a function of cosmology. These can be easily copied, pasted, and modified to other languages. Outside of a tested k range, the fit includes baryons by default; however, this can be switched off.

The Python package sympy2c allows creation and compilation of fast C/C++ based extension modules from symbolic representations. It can create fast code for the solution of high dimensional ODEs, or numerical evaluation of integrals where sympy fails to compute an anti-​derivative. Based on the symbolic formulation of a stiff ODE, sympy2c analyzes sparsity patterns in the Jacobian matrix of the ODE, and generates loop-​less fast code by unrolling loops in the internally used LU factorization algorithm and by avoiding unnecessary computations involving known zeros.

SYN++ is a standalone SN spectrum synthesis program. It is a rewrite of the original SYNOW (ascl:1010.055) code in modern C++. It offers further enhancements, a new structured input control file format, and the atomic data files have been repackaged and are more complete than those of SYNOW.

SYNAPPS is a spectrum fitter embedding a highly parameterized synthetic SN spectrum calculation within a parallel asynchronous optimizer. This open-source code is aimed primarily at the problem of systematically interpreting large sets of SN spectroscopy data.